HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – THEORY
Course Code: ER20-14T
75 Hours (3 Hours/week)
Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various systems of the human body.
Course Objectives: This course will discuss the following:
Structure and functions of the various organ systems and organs of the human body
Homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances in the human body
Various vital physiological parameters of the human body and their significance
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
Describe the various organ systems of the human body
Discuss the anatomical features of the important human organs and tissues
Explain the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the normal physiology in the human system
Discuss the significance of various vital physiological parameters of the human body
CHAPTER 1 (2 HOURS)
Scope of Anatomy and Physiology
Definition of various terminologies
CHAPTER 2 (2 HOURS)
Structure of Cell: Components and its functions
CHAPTER 3 (4 HOURS)
Tissues of the human body: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues- their sub-types and characteristics.
CHAPTER 4 (3 HOURS)
Osseous system: structure and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton
Classification, types and movements of joints, disorders of joints
CHAPTER 5 (8 HOURS)
Haemopoietic system
Composition and functions of blood
Process of Hemopoiesis
Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
Mechanism of Blood Clotting
Importance of Blood groups
CHAPTER 6 (3 HOURS)
Lymphatic system
Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation.
Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node.
CHAPTER 7 (8 HOURS)
Cardiovascular system
Anatomy and Physiology of heart
Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation)
Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG
Blood pressure and its regulation
CHAPTER 8 (4 HOURS)
Respiratory system
Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions.
Regulation, and Mechanism of respiration.
Respiratory volumes and capacities – definitions
CHAPTER 9 (3 HOURS)
Digestive system
Anatomy and Physiology of the GIT
Anatomy and functions of accessory glands
Physiology of digestion and absorption
CHAPTER 10 (2 HOURS)
Skeletal muscles
Histology
Physiology of muscle contraction
Disorder of skeletal muscles
CHAPTER 11 (8 HOURS)
Nervous system
Classification of nervous system
Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, mid brain
Function of hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia
Spinal cord-structure and reflexes
Names and functions of cranial nerves.
Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)
CHAPTER 12 (6 HOURS)
Sense organs - Anatomy and physiology of
Eye
Ear
Skin
Tongue
Nose
CHAPTER 13 (4 HOURS)
Urinary system
Anatomy and physiology of urinary system
Physiology of urine formation
Renin - angiotensin system
Clearance tests and micturition
CHAPTER 14 (6 HOURS)
Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions)
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid and parathyroid gland
Pancreas and gonads
CHAPTER 15 (4 HOURS)
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system
Physiology of menstruation
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Pregnancy and parturition