PHARMACOLOGY – PRACTICAL
Course Code: ER20-21P
50 Hours (2 Hours/week)
Scope: This course provides the basic understanding about the uses, mechanisms of actions, dose dependent responses of drugs in simulated virtual animal models and experimental conditions.
Course Objectives: This course will demonstrate / provide hands-on experience in the virtual platform using appropriate software on the following
Study of pharmacological effects of drugs like local anaesthetics, mydriatic & mitotic on rabbit eye
Screening the effects of various drugs acting in the central nervous system
Study of drug effects on isolated organs / tissues
Study of pyrogen testing on rabbit
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
Study and report the local anaesthetic, mydriatic and mitotic effects of the given drug on the rabbit eye
Choose appropriate animal experiment model to study the effects of the given drugs acting on the central nervous system and submit the report
Perform the effects of given tissues (simulated) on isolated organs / tissues and interpret the results
Interpret the dose dependent responses of drugs in various animal experiment models
Practicals
Introduction to the following topics pertaining to the experimental pharmacology have to be discussed and documented in the practical manuals.
Introduction to experimental pharmacology
Study of laboratory animals
(a) Mice; (b) Rats; (c) Guinea pigs; (d) Rabbits
Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology
Different routes of administration of drugs in animals
Types of pre-clinical experiments: In-Vivo, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, etc.
Techniques of blood collection from animals
Experiments
Note: Animals shall not be used for doing / demonstrating any of the experiments given. The given experiments shall be carried- out / demonstrated as the case may be, ONLY with the use of software program(s) such as ‘Ex Pharm’ or any other suitable software
Study of local anaesthetics on rabbit eye
Study of Mydriatic effect on rabbit eye
Study of Miotic effect on rabbit eye
Effect of analgesics using Analgesiometer
Study of analgesic activity by writhing test
Screening of anti-convulsant using Electro Convulsiometer
Screening of Muscle relaxants using Rota-Rod apparatus
Screening of CNS stimulants and depressants using Actophotometer
Study of anxiolytic activity using elevated plus maze method
Study of effect of drugs (any 2) on isolated heart
Effect of drugs on ciliary motility on frog’s buccal cavity
Pyrogen testing by rabbit method
Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student)
Introduction to Allergy Testing
Introduction to Toxicity Studies
Drug Facts Labels of US FDA
Pre-clinical studies in new drug development
Medicines and meals: Before or After food
Pre-clinical studies in new drug development
Drugs available as pediatric formulations
Drug information apps